Abstract

Review Article

Microchimerism may be the cause of psychiatric disorders

Osman Demirhan* and Bülent Demirbek

Published: 02 December, 2019 | Volume 3 - Issue 1 | Pages: 042-046

Microchimerism is a bidirectional exchange of fetal and maternal cells during pregnancy (Figure 1). Pregnancy is the most common and natural cause of chimerism, and bi-directional trafficking of hematopoietic cells occurs through the placenta. Therefore, we are all born as microchimera [1,2]. Although there are many unanswered questions it is thought that chimerism has an important role in human health. For many years, the clinical effects of maternal microchimeric cells (MMcCs) in organ repair and cancer therapy have just begun to be understood. While the mission of chimerism is straight forward, the subject is profound. Chimerism carries the potential for disease as well as for health benefits. Recent studies have shown that maternal stress and infections in pregnancy affect fetal neuro development and increased the risk of neurological or psychiatric disorders in the future life of the fetus. This article describes the role of Mc in the etiology of psychotic disorders.

Read Full Article HTML DOI: 10.29328/journal.apmh.1001009 Cite this Article Read Full Article PDF

References

  1. Miranda PD, Goulmy E. We are all born as microchimera. Chimerism. 2013; 4: 18-19. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23262442
  2. Guettier C, Sebagh M, Buard J, Feneux D, Ortin-Serrano M, et al. Male cellmicrochimerism in normal and diseased female livers from fetal life to adulthood. Hepatology. 2005; 42: 35-43. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15962317
  3. Zeng XX, Tan KH, Yeo A, Sasajala P, Tan X, et al. Pregnancy-associated progenitor cells differentiate and mature into neurons in the maternal brain. Stem Cells Dev. 2010; 19: 1-12. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20707697
  4. Dubernard G, Aractingi S, Oster M, Rouzier R, Mathieu MC, et al. Breast cancer stroma frequently recruits fetal derived cells during pregnancy. Breast Cancer Res. 2008; 10: R14. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18271969
  5. Nguyen Huu S, Oster M, Avril MF, Boitier F, Mortier L, et al. Fetal microchimeric cells participate in tumour angiogenesis in melanomas occurring during pregnancy. AmJ Pathol. 2009; 174: 630-637. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19147820
  6. Gadi VK. Fetal microchimerism and cancer. Cancer Lett. 2009; 276: 8-13. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18845390
  7. Sawaya HHB, Jimenez SA, Artlett CM. Quantification of fetal microchimeric cells in clinically affected and unaffected skin of patients with systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology. 2004; 43: 965-968. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15199216
  8. Brown AS, Cohen P, Harkavy-Friedman J, Babulas V, Malaspina D, et al. A.E. Bennett Research Award. Prenatal rubella, premorbid abnormalities, and adult schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 2001; 49: 473-486. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11257233
  9. Reisinger S, Khan D, Kong E, Berger A, Pollak A, Pollak DD. The poly(I:C)-induced maternal immune activation model in preclinical neuropsychiatric drug discovery. Pharmacol Ther. 2015; 149: 213-226. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25562580
  10. Knuesel I, Chicha L, Britschgi M, Schobel SA, Bodmer M, et al. Maternal immune activation and abnormal brain development across CNS disorders. Nat Rev Neurol. 2014; 10: 643-660. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25311587
  11. Estes ML, McAllister AK. Immune mediators in the brain and peripheral tissues in autism spectrum disorder. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2015; 16: 469-486. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26189694
  12. Patterson PH. Immune involvement in schizophrenia and autism: etiology, pathology and animal models. Behav Brain Res. 2009; 204: 313-321. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19136031
  13. Işıkay CT, Özsan H. Şizofrenide viral ve otoimmün etyoloji; literatürün gözden geçirilmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 1998; 51: 101-106.
  14. Howes OD, McCutcheon R. Inflammation and the neural diathesis-stress hypothesis of schizophrenia: a reconceptualization. Transl Psychiatry. 2017; 7: e1024. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28170004
  15. Kirkpatrick B, Miller BJ. Inflammation and schizophrenia. Schzophr Bull. 2013; 39: 1174-1179. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24072812
  16. Khandaker GM, Cousins L, Deakin J, Lennox BR, Yolken R, et al. Inflammation and immunity in schizophrenia: implications for pathophysiology and treatment. Lancet Psychiatry. 2015; 2: 197-199. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26359903
  17. Miyaoka T, Wake R, Hashioka S, Hayashida M, Oh-Nishi A, et al. Remission of Psychosis in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia following Bone Marrow Transplantation: A Case Report. Front Psychiatry. 2017; 8: 174. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28983259
  18. Aydın MŞ, Yiğit EN, Vatandaşlar E, Erdoğan E, Öztürk G. Transfer and Integration of Breast Milk Stem Cells to the Brain of Suckling Pups. Sci Rep. 2018; 8: 14289.
  19. Kacsoh BZ, Bozler J, Bosco G. Drosophila species learn dialects through communal living. Plos Genetics. 2018; 14: e1007430. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30024883
  20. Christian MA, Samms-Vaughan M, Lee M, Bressler J, Hessabi M, et al. Maternal exposures associated with autism spectrum disorder in jamaican children. JAutism Dev Disord. 2018; 48: 2766-2778. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29549549
  21. Glynn LM, Howland MA, Sandman CA, Davis EP, Phelan M, et al. Prenatal maternal mood patterns predict child temperament and adolescent mental health. JAffect Disord. 2018; 228: 83-90. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29241049
  22. Vizzini L, Popovic M, Zugna D, Vitiello B, Trevisan M, et al. Maternal anxiety, depression and sleep disorders before and during pregnancy, and preschool ADHD symptoms in the NINFEA birth cohort study. Epidemiol Psychiatric Sci. 2018; 1-11. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29665879
  23. Bale TL, Baram TZ, Brown AS, Goldstein JM, Insel TR, et al. Early life programming and neurodevelopmental disorders. Biol Psychiatry. 2010; 68: 314-319. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20674602
  24. Fisher J, Cabral de Mello M, Patel V, Rahman A, Tran T, et al. Prevalence and determinants of common perinatal mental disorders in women in low- and lower-middle-income countries: a systematic review. Bull World Health Organ. 2012; 90: 139G-149G. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22423165
  25. Walder DJ, Laplante DP, Sousa-Pires A, Veru F, Brunet A, et al. Prenatal maternal stress predicts autism traits in 6½ yearold children: Project Ice Storm. Psychiatry Res. 2014;219: 353-360. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24907222
  26. Betts KS, Williams GM, Najman JM, Alati R. The relationship between maternal depressive, anxious, and stress symptoms during pregnancy and adult offspring behavioral and emotional problems. Depress Anxiety. 2015; 32: 82-90. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24788841
  27. Kingsbury M, Weeks M, MacKinnon N, Evans J, Mahedy L, et al. Stressful life events during pregnancy and offspring depression: evidence from a prospective cohort study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2016; 55: 709-716e2. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27453085
  28. St-Hilaire A, Steiger H, Liu A, Laplante DP, Thaler L, et al. A prospective study of effects of prenatal maternal stress on later eatingdisorder manifestations in affected offspring: preliminary indications based on the Project Ice Storm cohort. Int J Eat Disord. 2015; 48: 512-516. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25808647
  29. Zhu P, Hao JH, Tao RX, Huang K, Jiang XM, et al. Sex-specific and timedependent effects of prenatal stress on the early behavioral symptoms of ADHD: a longitudinal study in China. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2015; 24: 1139-1147. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25791080
  30. Pickles A, Sharp H, Hellier J, Hill J. Prenatal anxiety, maternal stroking in infancy, and symptoms of emotional and behavioral disorders at 3.5 years. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2017; 26: 325-334. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27464490
  31. Schepanski S, Buss C, Hanganu-Opatz IL, Arck PC. Prenatal Immune and Endocrine Modulators of Offspring’s Brain Development and Cognitive Functions Later in Life. Front Immunol. 2018; 9: 2186. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30319639
  32. Demirbek B, Yurt E. Can Microchimerism Find Itself a Place in Psychiatric Research? Current Approaches in Psychiatry. 2011; 3: 296-308.
  33. Demirhan O, Ozturk N, Aydin N, Yildizdas HY, Demirbek B, et al. Effect of fetal microchimeric cells on the development of postnatal depression. Med Clin Arch. 2019; 3: 1-6.

Figures:

Figure 1

Figure 1

Similar Articles

Recently Viewed

Read More

Most Viewed

Read More

Help ?